Indian Culture in Relation to Handicapped People

Question: Discuss about theIndian Culture in Relation to Handicapped People. Answer: Introduction In definition, disabled people refers to people who are restricted in potential to function mentally, physically and socially (Thomas Woods, 2003). In respect to the complication different categories have been formulated including sensory impairment, physical impairment, mental impairment, intellectual impairment, cognitive impairment and any other chronic disease leading to malfunctioning of the body. Different cultures have different theories explaining the cause of these disabilities (Goodley, Hughes, Davis, 2012). Depending on the theory attached to the cause of any of the impairers mentioned above, victims have been exposed to a different treatment which has affected their social, economic and spiritual life. Continuous research on the truth based on the theories has eroded some of the theories opening chances for the disabled to participate in different social, economic and spiritual activities. Additionally, technology has positively impacted the lives of the disabled by ena bling them to perform a different task like any other parson. Eradication of some of the cultural virtual that undermined the handicapped has shaped the lives of the disabled people and motivated them to fit in the society. Alternatively, different potential identified in different people having various disabilities has motivated an individual, organisation, and the government to fight for their right an act which has paved the way for the handicapped to participate in different social, economic, political and spiritual activities. In this paper, I will critically analyse how handicapped were treated based on Indian culture, how such treatment affected their social life and how finally discuss some of the possible ways to improve resources of treating the handicapped. Indian Culture in Relation to Handicapped People Handicapped people in Indian culture was viewed as a curse or misfortune (Marini, Glover-Graf, Millington, 2012). Individuals with different disabilities were secluded from other members of the society to maintain the purity of the land. In case a member of the society mingled with the handicapped that individual was declared as unclean and a special ceremony was conducted to cleanse that individual. Discrimination translates to mental and psychological torture and the affected individual could not realize their potential. Additionally, discrimination lowered the victim's esteem making them live a stressful life. Prolonged stress is termed as depression, and it contributes a lot to the development of mental illness. Complication resulting from discrimination were viewed as a further punishment from the ancestors. According to Wiener and Willborn (2011), the handicapped were viewed as a burden to the community. Culturally the handicapped were not allowed to participate in community activity thus viewed as a liability to the community. They enjoyed limited rights compared to other people since they were not contributing the development of the community. Blocking them from participating in community activities made them remain dormant and being criticized by the people. Indian culture discriminated families with handicapped people (Misra, 2009). To avoid such discrimination children identified to have some disabilities at their early stages were killed. Culturally the death of such people was highly celebrated since the people associated it with deliverance from any misfortune that the community could encounter. The handicapped had no right to enjoy education. As other children enjoy education, the disabled were left indoor to avoid exposing the weakness of the family. Enclosing the disabled restricted them from socializing with other age mates. It is during the interaction process children realize their abilities and start implementing them. Additionally denying the handicapped children the right to education made them leave in darkness and remain to be liabilities in the community (Priestley, 2001). It is through education and interaction one realized his/her rights to food, clothes, and shelter. Education enlightens an individual and shapes that individuals ability (Gabel, 2005). Culturally being denied their right to education made their ability remain unrevealed and not useful to the society. Culturally Indians handicapped people were not allowed to marry (Bolt, 2014). Marriage was only for the people who were complete as the culture viewed the disabled to be incomplete. Marriage is a rite of passage which enhances the social aspect of a being. Denied the right to married made the handicapped feel detached from their community. Being handicapped does not mean one is infertile and being denied the right to marry subjected the disabled to physical and psychological torture. Marriage enhances continuity of a family and denying the disabled the right to marry indicated that the hierarchy of that individual is cut. Based on Indian culture women were undermined. They were categorized in the same class with the children, and they were not given a chance to participate in economic, religious activities (Schultz, 2001). Considering this fact and relating the female disabled with the male handicapped it is clear that female handicapped were highly ignored and mistreated. Minor disabilities in man were justified while in female the minute one were magnified. Men being viewed as the inheritors and flag bearer of the family they sometimes deviated from harsh treatment the female handicapped experiencing. Indian males were the law formulators and enforcers, and it was against the cultural ethics to oppose the law formulated. Any women who rose to oppose the direction given by the elders was highly punished. Men being the law formulators and enforcers formulated laws which strongly affected the female disabled. Male handicapped enjoyed some freedom which made them prove their ability and fit in the society. Using the achievement of the male handicapped the elders justified the issue and considered female handicapped as curse or misfortune in the community. Increasing Resources to Treat Handicapped Designing Facilities which can Accommodate the Disabled During construction of building the structure should be designed in a way that the disabled can comfortably use the structure (Mann, 2008). The introduction of lift in building and rammers has played a key role in ensuring that the disabled are comfortably using different services offered within the structure. Designing such structures bridges the gap that has existed and enables handicapped exploit their abilities. Increased Equipped Learning Institution for Handicapped The disabled require special learning system which sometimes is expensive and scarce to locate. Increasing the institution creates a conducive environment for the interested disabled people to learn and discover their potential (Reynolds Fletcher-Janzen, 2007). Lack of equipment to aid the disabled perform different task in their respective learning institution has proved to be one of the factors that contribute dropping out of their school before completing their course. Research conducted by Woolcock (2010) indicate that in every 1000 disabled people in India only 15 to 35 complete their courses. Disabled people who complete their courses have proved to perform better even than another individual who is not handicapped. Creating Awareness Bridging the gap between the disabled and the society requires awareness and creation to eradicate the cultural beliefs which discriminate the disabled. Educating the society on the ability and talent the disabled have will change the motives of the community. Change of motives will open chances for the disabled to participate in social, economic and spiritual activities thus boosting their esteem. Accepting the disabled and realizing their potential will expose them to rites of passage like marriage. According to Ghosh (2016), approximately 47% of the disabled are not married in India. The situation is worsening, but when the disabled are involved in community activities, they interact an act which helps them appreciate their condition. The understanding community will provide them with a platform which will enable them to engage themselves in community activities. Advanced Technology Through technology, the disabled can perform the different task assigned to them thus feeling comfortable within a professional setting. For the blind advanced and enough Braille should be provided in both rural and urban areas. From the report published by (Mazurek and Winzer in the year 2005 it is clear that 11% of the disabled were enrolled in special schools in Indians urban area as opposed to 1% in the rural area. Ensuring equal provision of improving machine in both urban and rural area will reduce the number of illiterate handicapped. Automated wheelchairs have been manufactured which helps the lame to move without any assistant comfortably. Using technology some disabilities have been treated, and individuals have recovered their normal status. Adoption of such technology will help in the eradication of the belief that disability is a curse or misfortune. Employment Opportunities Employment creates a socialization environment which helps in eradication of incompetence among the disabled (Yang Sook-Mee, 2011). When the disabled are involved in the different profession, they contribute to the development of the community. Taking part in community development helps in counteracting the belief that handicapped are a burden to the society. Additionally, they make their family proud a situation which encourages families with disabled people. Given a chance to apply their skills encourages young potential handicapped to work hard reducing the percentage of the illiteracy among the disabled? The government should secure specific position to be occupied by the disabled to encourage them to concentrate on education. Securing position for the handicapped help in motivating the community to educate the disabled. Research conducted by Bartle in the year 2015 shows that 265 of the Indian disabled are employed. The percentage has been increasing yearly an aspect which has m otivated the community to educate and value the disabled. Conclusion In conclusion, the Indian culture is being eroded gradually and handicapped are positively benefiting from the cultural eradication. Resources allocated to the disabled are increasing yearly and aspect which is contributing in motivating the disabled to take part in social economic and religious activities. Disability is not inability therefore handicapped should be provided with the same platform as the other people. References Bartle, H. (2015). The Employment and Placement of Handicapped Persons in Industry. JAMA, 313(22), 2289. Bolt, D. (2014). Changing Social Attitudes Toward Disability. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Gabel, S. (2005). Disability studies in education. New York: P. Lang. Ghosh, N. (2016). Interrogating disability in India. New Delhi: Springer India. Goodley, D., Hughes, B., Davis, L. (2012). Disability and social theory. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Mann, W. (2008). Aging, Disability and Independence. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Marini, I., Glover-Graf, N., Millington, M. (2012). Psychosocial aspects of disability. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Mazurek, K. Winzer, M. (2005). Comparative studies in special education. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. Misra, G. (2009). Psychology in India. New Delhi, India: Longman. Priestley, M. (2001). Disability and the life course. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. Reynolds, C. Fletcher-Janzen, E. (2007). Encyclopedia of special education. New York: John Wiley Sons. Schultz, T. (2001). Investment in women's human capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Thomas, D. Woods, H. (2003). Working with people with learning disabilities. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Wiener, R. Willborn, S. (2011). Disability and aging discrimination. New York, NY: Springer. Woolcock, H. (2010). Title: Services for the Handicapped in India. Authors: Wallace W. Taylor, Ph.D., and Isabelle Wagner Taylor, Ph.D. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 19(2), 86-86. Yang Sook-Mee, (2011). A Relative Evaluation on Organization Efficiency of the Vocational Rehabilitation Centers for the Handicapped People. Disability employment, 21(3), 97-118.

Professional Competence Issues Essay Example

Professional Competence Issues Essay It is important for a professional counselor to study theories to develop competency in organizing and understanding counseling approaches and develop a well rounded theory based philosophy in their counseling practice. It is also important to study counseling theories to provide the best due care for clients based on proven methodology, individualization of techniques and a personal yet professional innovative approach that is effective. Because theories give counselors a â€Å"road map† to provide services, it is imperative that counselors understand how to â€Å"read the map† and execute the path to recovery with their clients effectively. Developing Competency: The American Counseling Association Code of Ethics states that the counselor must have competency in the area in which they intend to practice, (APA Code of Ethics C. 2). Being new to the profession, I currently have no knowledge based experience in counseling professionally. However, recognizing that I’m gifted in providing guidance, encouragement and support has led me to pursue higher education to gain that knowledge and build skills to assist those who come to me in need. Counseling theories are essentially complex plans of data gathered by experts that directly address particular dysfunctional human behaviors. These theories are used to categorize client’s issues, help develop an approach in how to assist the client in developing appropriate decision making skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Competence Issues specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Competence Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Competence Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Understanding theories will assist counselors in identifying common client behaviors and determine what is healthy and dysfunctional, (Murdock pg 26). In studying counseling theories, counselors also gain insight on how the profession is practiced in 400 different methodologies, (Murdock, pg 3). By learning these different characteristics of counseling theories, that are the core ingredient in providing effective counseling services; counselors are confident that their ability to address the needs of their diverse clientele in their chosen area of expertise is proven, acceptable and ethical among others in the professional. Developing Theoretical Practice A counselor must find a theory that connects with their value system, interpersonal skills, and area of practice in which they intend to engage in, (Murdock pg 21). A good theory creates a hypothesis about why certain behaviors happen and what the counselor can do to be helpful. It also explains how change occurs by defining the role of the counselor and the process for change in client behavior. Because theories can define the relationship between counselor and client and determines how a counselor should do their work it is important for the counselor to identify their professional counseling theories before engaging in practice. It is also important to listen to the client to determine the ultimate goal for the therapeutic relationship and together they assist the client in developing ways to cope with life stresses. As a team the counselor and client develop an individualized plan, based on whether the counselor is able to provide services to help alleviate the issue with their competence and theoretical approach. Several theories provide assessment tools to evaluate commonalities in disorderly human behavior, provide proven treatment techniques, and effective tools to classify issues in which the client has expressed. Without these theories already in practice and understood, a new counselor would be in experiential mode, which could lead to unethical practices and cause harm to clients. Conclusion Developing competency is the most important reason a counselor must study counseling theories. Counselors in training must research and practice many theories to determine which ones would fit their personal beliefs, personality, and skill set. Once a counselor has chosen several theories in which to base their practices, they must cultivate a plan that will include a diverse clientele base. They must also continue their education, expand their expertise, and be open-minded and flexible with their theory based approach. A counselor’s job is to figure out how an individual has come to make irrational decisions and assist them with developing the skills to improve their situation, (Murdock pg 24). In order to do so, the counselor must know and understand how their theory would cultivate that outcome while remaining professional and ethical, being value neutral and build support and rapport. References Murdock, Nancy L. (2009). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy, A Case Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson American Counseling Association Code of Ethics

Sample Cornell Engineering Essay

Sample Cornell Engineering EssayIt is a requirement for most students in some type of engineering program to get a sample of engineering essays. Essays like these are a must in order to be able to assess the student's writing ability, to improve your skills in writing and to just polish up your skills and get some extra practice. And there are many different sample essays to choose from.I prefer to look at the main ideas that are used throughout the essay. Many times it is simply the structure of the essay that will be important but it will also need to have certain type of idea incorporated. As you continue through the essays that you can find online, you will find the examples vary in format. When you are looking for a sample you may find one which has the basics in it or you may find one which is a bit more complicated.A sample cornell engineering writing sample can range in length from a few sentences to a few pages. It can also be a written short story, a paragraph, or even an e ssay. The format will depend on the theme of the essay.Another great feature of a sample cornell engineering essay is that they can be customized to fit the needs of your specific situation. If you want something that is very detailed but in a general fashion, a sample cornell engineering can certainly do that. If you want something a little more creative, you can write your own essay.A good example of a sample cornell engineering essay will include a variety of different sentences that can be used throughout the essay. There should be different sections in the essay like first sentence, second sentence, third sentence and so on. The topics that are covered in each section will determine what type of essay you will need to write.Each sectionshould cover different topics that relate to one another in some way. This will make it easier for you to write the essay in a logical order and will help you as you go along. You may find that the parts that make up the main essay to be all that you really need.So if you are looking for a sample cornell engineering essay, all you have to do is type 'sample cornell engineering' into a search engine. In seconds you will be presented with a wide array of samples. The important thing is to take your time when searching online because you want to be sure that you are finding one that is right for you.If you need a better understanding of a particular topic or need to write an essay to impress someone you will also want to do some research. That is how you will find the perfect sample. Take your time and look around, there are many options available for you.

Applying to Go to Graduate School for a Different Major

Applying to Go to Graduate School for a Different Major Many students find that their career would benefit from additional studies that differ from their bachelors degrees. They may learn that their interests lie in a different field than their major or that their current field has grown and new avenues for study have emerged since their earlier years in academia. Demonstrate Your Capabilities While your graduate options are not limited by your college major, you still, however, have to work hard to demonstrate that youre a good candidate for graduate programs in your newly chosen field. Admittance to graduate school is all about how well you match the program. If you can demonstrate that you have the experiences and competencies to succeed, that may help your chances of getting accepted. Focus on the skills and life experiences that led you to switch your studies. Seek Related Experience Most graduate programs in biology will not accept a student without undergraduate science coursework. This is true of most areas of graduate study. To demonstrate competence you might consider engaging in internships or additional coursework. If, for example, your bachelors degree is in psychology and you wish to apply to a masters program in biology, take some science courses can demonstrate that you have a solid science background. Check your local community college or look into online courses. Take the Subject GRE If youre switching fields of study, its in your best interest to take the Subject GRE, even though its likely not required. A solid score on this exam illustrates your mastery of the subject matter, which can show your ability to succeed in the new field. Get Certified While a certificate is not the same as a graduate degree, many programs are rigorous and can be a great precursor to your next degree. Certifications are often affordable and can be done in a short period of time, and they can prove your mastery of the material. Some certificate programs offer courses similar to those youd find in graduate school and can prepare you for the rigorous studies ahead. Use Your Admissions Essay to Demonstrate Your Fit Your graduate school admissions essay is your opportunity to speak to the graduate committee. Use this essay to show how your education and experiences specifically align with the graduate program.  Some fields, like law, relate to many courses of study. Discuss your interest in the field and how your experiences have prepared you to succeed in the field. Draw attention to courses youve taken or experiences that illustrate your interest or competence in the area to which you aspire. For example, as a psychology major who wishes to study biology, emphasize the aspects of your education that overlap with biology, such as the emphasis on understanding the brain as an influence on behavior, as well courses in methodology and statistics, and your research experience. Explain why youre making a transition from one field to another, why you have the background to do so, why youll be a good graduate student, as well as your career goals. Ultimately graduate school admissions committees want to see evidence of your interest, knowledge, and competence. They want to know if you have the ability to fulfill degree requirements and if youre a good risk.  Keep the admissions committees perspective in mind, and youll have an advantage in the admissions process despite having the wrong undergraduate major.

Alvin Ailey Contextualisation Essay Example for Free

Alvin Ailey Contextualisation Essay Ailey used his culture and many childhood memories to base his choreography on. Church and worship played a huge role in the lives of black Americans and was the center of Ailey’s community. â€Å"The exuberance and poignancy of the black experience are well served in Ailey’s splendid. â€Å"The church was always very important, very theatrical, very intense. The life that went on there and the music made a great impression on me. † (A. P Bailey 1997 pg. 8) He grew up in Texas in the 1930s with both racial segregation and the economy being big problems of the time. â€Å"Black lives were as peaceful and secure as racism and poverty would allow. (Dunning, 1996) â€Å"In those days black people were forced into certain sections of the town†¦you couldn’t buy a house in other sections of the town, so you had to go to schools that were essentially segregated’’. In spite of the miserable living conditions   Ailey’s community and others alike were joyful in church and the drew drop inn which was where all the adults used to go on Saturday nights to dance to the blaring juke box. The dew drop inn was a rough place to be. My mother was in there, and everybody was doing what they considered to be the nasty dances†¦many of the same people who went to dew drop inn on a Saturday night went to church on a Sunday morning. In dance I deal with these two very different worlds: Blues suite and revelations. † (A. P Bailey 1997 pg23) At the age of 12 Ailey joined his mother in Los Angeles where she was to work as cleaner for a wealthy white family â€Å"I remember very well seeing my mother on her knees scrubbing these white folks’ rooms and halls. That image is in my ballet cry† (A. P Bailey 1997pg32) Here he experienced the theatre and heard the music of Duke Ellington for the first time, who’s music he later came to create a total of 14 dances to. Including The River’ â€Å"The River is a legendary collaboration between Ailey and Ellington†¦ was Ellington’s first symphonic score written specifically for dance†¦The legendary and highly acclaimed collaboration mirrors together the art forms beautifully. (http://www. exploredance. com/article. htm? id=1635) Creations of Two Masterful Artists, Alvin Ailey and Duke Ellington by Amber Henrie December 28, 2006. It was not until the 1940s that Ailey took a serious interest in dance, seeing the Dunham Company perform excited him in a way that nothing ever had before. Proving it to be a transcendent experience for him, he felt a connection with her and her dancers and was ‘lifted into another realm. I couldn’t believe there were black people on a legitimate stage†¦before largely white audiences†¦doing afro-Caribbean. Lester Horton not only inspired Ailey with his stylized technique and incredibly expressive movement but also in the way he offered his students a ‘complete education’ teaching them how to participate in all aspects of production from lighting and reading music to choosing the correct fabric for performances â€Å"He knew every fabric in the world and was extremely knowledgeable about color, design, dyeing and tailoring†¦I am still guided by Lester’s insistence that costumes must be made from extraordinary fabric† (A.P Bailey 1997 pg. 63) The Horton Technique focus’ on movements that lengthen the spine and the hamstring muscles with flat backs, lateral stretches, descending and ascending from the floor into horizontal positions, release swings, leg swings and deep lunges all of which appear in Ailey’s works regularly. Lester Horton has proved to be Ailey’s biggest influence; the similarities between the 2 choreographers are due to Ailey’s awe of Horton, his works and his attitude. As he just as Martha Graham had, had a mixed racial company â€Å"He realized that you have to use the best dancers regardless of color† (A. P Bailey 1997 Pg. 60) All of the above stylistic features are seen in works of Ailey’s such as Revelations, Cry and Witness to name a few. Each using deep plies and stunning lines to create interesting and meaningful viewing, using a combination of modern dance with jazz and classical ballet. Each with a meaning and a message to its audiences worldwide. Ailey (cited by De Frantz) said From his roots as a slave, the American Negro – sometimes sorrowing, sometimes jubilant, but always hopeful – has created a legacy†¦ which have touched, illuminated and influenced the most remote preserves of world civilisation†¦ We bring you the exuberance of jazz, the ecstasy of his spirituals and the dark rapture of his blues. † Yet while Ailey drew lots of his choreography from his ‘blood memories’ he did create plot less works too, making more use of ballet technique which can be seen in Streams. After Lester Horton’s death, Ailey founded his own company and had great success that still lives to this day; he and his company toured worldwide and were awarded with numerous honours before settling In New York. Yet Thomas F DeFrantz (2004) said the unasked question, implicit in dozens of feature articles and reviews, seemed to be: how could a gay black man from dirt-poor. Rural, depression-era Texas, with limited dance training and no college degree found and run the most successful modern dance company in the idiom’s history? Alvin Ailey Contextualisation. (2018, Nov 07).

Food Law and Regulation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Law and Regulation - Term Paper Example According to Chinese scientists, consumption of bread that contains estrogen-like can lead to enlargement of breasts in male. Such enlargement of breasts would develop if the male consumed large amount of estrogen. It was concluded that male with large breasts must have consumed bread containing synthetic estrogen. Furthermore, traditional breads that contain dong quai are believed to constitute estrogen-like components. Specialists argue that people should consume traditional breads under strict supervision of a qualified herbalist to avoid any complications. In addition, they demanded that any bread that contains estrogen-like components should be indicated. Only those who want the component should purchase it. To maintain safe milk in Canada, any milk meant for human consumption must be subjected to various regulatory acts which are imposed by Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the Canadian  Agriculture Products Act and Dairy Product Regulations. These organizations ensure that any milk meant for the human consumption is graded and packed in healthy containers to avoid any contamination. In addition, they collaborate with companies that produce livestock food to ensure they do not include large or harmful amount of estrogen. Lastly, before any dairy product is allowed to the market, it must be tested to ensure it does not contain any harmful estrogen-like components (Science.gov, 2013). Nutritionists in Canada and USA argued advised people to consume organically produced food most of the time. They also claimed that utilization of cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower and kale are helpful as they contain substances that aid in elimination of harmful estrogens. Those who love fish and meat were encouraged to consume wild fish and hormone-free meat to avoid absorbing harmful estrogen in their body system. Farmers are encouraged to avoid using pesticides to control weeds. Instead, they were

The Work of Discipleship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Work of Discipleship - Research Paper Example Majorly, Christology bases on the Apostolic Age of the gospel that is during the days of the apostle Paul. The themes and ideas of Paul were built on the worship of Christ as Lord and Christ’s pre-existence, forming the epicenter of Christology. There have been arguments to the fact that there are several Christophany cases in the Old Testament and that the numerous biblical records account for the preexistence of Jesus Christ. In this aspect, the term Christophany is a term that is considered to be more appropriate as compared to the term Theophany because of the belief that God’s visible manifestations represent the pre-incarnation of Christ. 1There have been arguments pointing to the fact that the Old Testament’s records of the appearing of the Lord’s Angel were Christ’s pre-incarnate. The Angel of the Lord is understood by many to be a theophany that is true. Over the years, especially after the Apostolic Age, the early church was thrown into debates that often got politicized and fierce concerning issues that are interrelated in Christianity. Among the issues that were being debated was Christology, with the matter finding its way to the ecumenical councils as a contentious issue. These coun cils were dubbed as the Christological councils that base their focus on the teachings of the condemnation of interpretations that were incorrect regarding Jesus Christ’s life and works. St. Thomas Aquinas was the first to provide a systematic Christology in the 13th century. His view was instrumental in the resolution of a good number of issues that were there at that time. Aquinas in his Christology focused on the championing of the view of the perfection of the human attributes of Christ. Through the middle ages, there was the witnessing of the emergence of a different view of Christ as being a source of comfort and love and true living friend in addition to being the Lord. 2Modern Christology, therefore, seeks to